Monday, June 19, 2006

Hvem lytter til konkurrencestyrelsen?

En læser af mit tidligere indlæg har gjort mig opmærksom på, at konkurrencestyrelsen måske alligevel ikke har været så fraværende i debatten om public service institutionerne.

I konkurrenceredegørelse 2006, redegør Konkurrencestyrelsen for konkurrenceforholdene i tv-branchen. Redegørelsen indeholder en række interessante observationer og konklusioner, som desværre må siges at være blevet overset i det nyligt vedtagne medieforlig.

Konkurrencestyrelsen skriver blandt andet:

Internettet og digitaliseringen har medført en udvikling af nye former for tv- og medieprodukter. En trykt avis kan med få ekstraomkostninger udgive de samme nyheder på hjemmesider, tekst-tv eller SMS. Ligeledes kan en tvkanal vise sine programmer on demand som klip, spil m.v. til både internet og mobiltelefoner. På den måde smelter markederne sammen.

Reglerne for DR's virksomhed pålægger DR at følge denne udvikling. Det påvirker konkurrencen mellem public service virksomhed og kommerciel virksomhed. DR har fx en række aktiviteter på internettet, som konkurrerer med kommercielle virksomheder. Fx udgiver DR en internet avis ved at gengive nyheder på http://www.dr.dk/ – både DR's egne nyheder og andres nyhedstelegrammer. DR sælger også nyheder m.v. som SMS-tjenester, og DR sælger ringetoner til mobiltelefoner. Disse produkter bliver også solgt af kommercielle virksomheder.

DR ønsker at udvide sin virksomhed til at omfatte flere af disse markeder – fx i form af mere interaktivitet, mere on demand indhold og flere tv-kanaler. Det vil medføre påvirkning af konkurrencen på flere markeder, som traditionelt er kommercielle.
Når DR breder sin licensfinansierede public service virksomhed til markeder, der enten er kommercielle eller potentielt kan være kommercielle, skaber det ulige vilkår i markedet. DR er dermed i stand til at gå ind på nye markeder med gratis eller meget billige produkter, mens kommercielle virksomheder på samme markeder skal have dækning for deres omkostninger og tjene penge til sine ejere.

Konkurrencestyrelsens advarsel er skrevet med udgangspunkt i det eksisterende danske mediebillede anno 2005. Havde redegørelsens forfattere forhold sig til de seneste tendenser på internettet, som for alvor slår igennem på den anden side af Atlanten havde advarslen nok været mere skinger. Én ting er, at DR konkurrerer på det kommercielle marked ved hjælp af sms’er og ringetoner – en anden ting er det, hvis DR begynder at monopolisere RSS feeds, blogging, podcasting, og videoblogging, som i USA udgør det teknologiske fundament for en radikal omvæltning af mediebranchen.

Konkurrencesstyrelsen rejser det relevante spørgsmål om der simpelthen ikke er områder, hvor DR bør holde sig væk. Styrelsens forslag til en løsning er, at man skaber en positivliste over public service aktiviteter, som DR kan og bør beskæftige sig med.

Én mulighed kunne være at definere public service forpligtelserne som en positivliste af aktiviteter, som udgør public service virksomhed, mens alt andet udgør anden virksomhed […] En positivliste kan være dynamisk, således at det i takt med udviklingen af markedet er muligt at definere nye public service aktiviteter eller fjerne aktiviteter, der i mellemtiden bør blive betragtet som anden virksomhed.


En positivliste vil sikre, at DR ikke gør skade på kommercielle aktører, der allerede agerer i mediemarkedet, men måske endnu vigtigere vil en positivliste sende et klart signal til potentielle aktører i markedet, at de med rimelig sikkerhed kan investere uden risiko for fremtidig konkurrence fra en konkurrenceforvridende public service institution.

Umiddelbart kunne man forestille sig at redaktørerne på en lang række danske dagblade samt redaktørerne på nye brugerskabte medier som podhead.dk og overskrift.dk ville sætte pris på en sådan positivliste, der kan sikre dem mod prisdumping og anden konkurrenceforvridning fra DR’s kant.

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